Despite securing over a billion dollars' worth of machinery from China, Reliance Industries is now struggling to acquire the necessary technological know-how to operate it.

For over five years, India has not granted a visa to the top executive of BYD India, preventing them from visiting the company's factories in the country.

Sourcing manufacturing technology from South Korea costs Indian companies 20-25% more than sourcing from China.

To circumvent visa restrictions, Indian and Chinese companies are conducting business meetings in third countries such as Singapore, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, and Thailand.

China controls critical chokepoints in advanced manufacturing sectors like batteries and electronics, including the supply of raw materials, critical machinery, and technology know-how.

Nearly all electric vehicles sold in India rely entirely on imported battery cells.

India now manufactures approximately 25% of Apple's iPhones globally.

India has rejected investment proposals from Chinese automotive companies BYD and Great Wall Motor due to strategic mistrust.

India's role in iPhone production is primarily assembly, with most higher-value components and specialized production equipment still sourced from Chinese supply chains.

The entire supply chain for battery cells, from raw materials like lithium and cobalt to manufacturing equipment and technology, is predominantly based in China.

The Tata Group's new advanced chip manufacturing plant in Dholera, Gujarat, will initially be dependent on Chinese raw materials like gallium and high-purity silicon.

China is implementing export controls on rare earth elements and related technologies to protect its established dominance in key manufacturing sectors.

Nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) battery cells, a technology available from South Korea, are considered less suitable for India's climate due to a higher risk of thermal runaway in hot temperatures.

Of the planned 178 gigawatt-hours of battery manufacturing capacity, India currently has only 1 gigawatt-hour operational.