Pro-Industrial Policy: Actively used government spending and subsidies, such as the Inflation Reduction Act and the Chips and Science Act, to onshore critical supply chains for minerals and semiconductors.
Aggressive Regulatory Stance: Implemented a centralized, restrictive framework for AI ('diffusion rule'), pursued aggressive antitrust action against companies like Live Nation, and focused bank regulation on climate and reputation risk.
Complex Energy Approach: Simultaneously took actions seen as hostile to fossil fuels (banning new federal leases, cancelling Keystone pipeline) while also approving a high number of drilling permits and working to keep oil prices low.
Use of Executive Power: Relied on executive actions for major policy goals, many of which were subsequently challenged and struck down by the Supreme Court, such as student loan forgiveness and climate regulations.
Cautious on Cryptocurrency: Vetoed a bipartisan effort to overturn an SEC crypto accounting rule (SAB 121), and the government sold off significant amounts of bitcoin during his administration.
2020
Senator Joe Manchin and Senator Kyrsten Sinema become the key votes preventing the Democratic party from eliminating the Senate filibuster, shaping the legislative constraints of the incoming Biden administration.
First Year in Office
The administration approves 34% more oil and gas drilling permits on public lands than the Trump administration's first year. It also uses the budget reconciliation process for the American Rescue Plan, a move criticized by Senator Joe Manchin.
Mid-Term
Enacts major industrial policies, including the Inflation Reduction Act, allocating approximately $1 trillion for critical mineral supply chains, and the Chips and Science Act. A 'diffusion rule' is also implemented to regulate advanced AI chips.
Ongoing
The Supreme Court strikes down several of the administration's key initiatives, including those on greenhouse gas regulations, student loan forgiveness, and COVID-19 eviction moratoriums, citing the 'major questions doctrine'.
Later Term
President Biden vetoes a bipartisan congressional vote to overturn the SEC's crypto accounting rule, SAB 121. Governor Josh Shapiro publicly advises him that seeking another term is likely not in the best interest of the country.
▶Aggressive Industrial and Regulatory Policy
The Biden administration enacted sweeping industrial policies like the Inflation Reduction Act and the Chips Act to onshore strategic supply chains. This was coupled with a robust regulatory agenda, including a new framework for AI exports (the 'diffusion rule'), aggressive antitrust enforcement, and new rules for the banking sector focused on climate risk.
This represents a significant strategic shift toward government intervention in key sectors, creating both opportunities for subsidized domestic industries and heightened compliance and legal risks for technology, energy, and financial firms.
▶Contradictory Energy and Climate Stance
The administration's energy policy is portrayed with deep contradictions. It took actions seen as anti-fossil fuel, such as canceling the Keystone Pipeline and banning new federal leases, yet it also approved more drilling permits than the previous administration in its first year and was perceived by the oil industry as working to keep prices low to fight inflation.
Analysts must recognize that the administration's energy policy is a complex balancing act between climate goals, geopolitical pressures, and domestic inflation concerns, resulting in inconsistent signals for energy markets.
▶Centralized AI GovernanceJun 2026
The administration's approach to artificial intelligence was to centralize and control the industry, focusing on regulating a few large companies and creating a complex framework for the sale of advanced chips and AI models. This policy, including the 'diffusion rule,' was reportedly rescinded by the subsequent Trump administration, which favored open-source development.
The debate over Biden's AI policy highlights a fundamental tension between managing national security risks and fostering innovation, with his administration prioritizing a more cautious, government-led framework that could be easily reversed by a subsequent administration.
▶Judicial and Political Headwinds
The Biden administration's agenda faced significant obstacles from both the judiciary and members of its own party. The Supreme Court struck down several key initiatives, while prominent Democrats publicly criticized major decisions and legislative strategies. The President also used his veto power to block bipartisan legislation related to cryptocurrency regulation.
Investors and analysts must factor in significant judicial and legislative friction when assessing the durability of the administration's executive actions and policies, as many have been successfully challenged or faced internal opposition.