There are 160 different currencies in the world.

The adoption of the telegraph in the second half of the 19th century allowed financial ledgers to be updated globally at nearly the speed of light for the first time, shifting power towards banks and ...

Taiwan Semiconductor's effort to build facilities in the US has been hampered by a shortage of skilled labor for advanced equipment manufacturing.

The US dollar's reserve status has led to structural trade deficits, contributing to deindustrialization and political polarization within the United States.

In 2022, the government of Argentina banned banks from offering cryptocurrency services to slow capital flight from the peso, which was experiencing 100% inflation.

China has shifted its investment strategy from buying US Treasuries to funding commodity deposits and port infrastructure through its Belt and Road Initiative.

The US dollar's status as the global reserve currency gives it a "monetary premium," making it overvalued relative to its utility value.

The net international investment position of the United States is approximately negative 70% of GDP, the most negative of any large country.

In the current high-debt environment (130% debt-to-GDP), raising interest rates risks increasing money supply growth more through higher deficit interest expenses than it reduces it through slower ban...

The freezing of Russian central bank reserves by the US and Europe has accelerated the development of non-dollar payment systems and bilateral trade agreements among other nations.

In Egypt, the inflation rate is 37% and the money supply is growing by 20% per year.

Global demand for US dollars is primarily met through structural US trade deficits, which export dollars to countries like China, Switzerland, Germany, Singapore, and Japan.

Nigeria's three-year ban on cryptocurrencies within its banking system was ineffective, as the country maintained one of the highest peer-to-peer crypto volumes and adoption rates, according to Chaina...

Since 2009, foreign central banks have been increasing their gold holdings, and since approximately 2013, their accumulation of US Treasuries has flatlined.

The US is not at risk of a nominal default on its debt because it can print money, but it faces consequences like structural currency issues similar to emerging markets.

The United States is mathematically in a "fiscal spiral" where deficits are large and raising interest rates makes them worse.

The ability for citizens in authoritarian countries to save in non-local currencies via crypto will disrupt the power of governments that rely on seigniorage and devaluing local currency.

The continent of Africa has 40 different currencies.